JPMorgan Chase in 2007 confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above this rate spread 2. In its headquarters Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) of New York City, Chase confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above the rate spread 2. Citigroup in 2007 confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above this rate spread 2. Washington Mutual, the nation’s largest savings bank, in 2007 confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above this rate spread 2. National City, often rumored to be up for sale after unloading its subprime unit First Franklin to Merrill Lynch, in 2007 confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above the rate spread 1. Keycorp, based in foreclosure-ridden Cleveland like National City, and also rumored to be up for sale, in 2007 confined African Americans to higher-cost loans above the rate spread fully 2. Read More